1.1 Scope and Status of Document
1.1.1 This document
identifies and describes the component features and characteristics
of the landscape within Bath and North East Somerset. This has been
done through a landscape character assessment which is the process
of dividing up the landscape into parcels of land with common
characteristics. These characteristics are many and varied and will
be different for each area. They include natural physical
influences and human processes but can also include the cultural
values that are placed upon an area.
1.1.2 This assessment recognises that
development is an integral component of the landscape and is a key
influence in contributing to landscape character and local
distinctiveness. The design and location of new development is
therefore an important factor in enhancing or contributing to
landscape character. The assessment, however, excludes the city of
Bath and the towns of Keynsham, Midsomer Norton and Radstock at
this stage although it is planned to extend the assessment to
include these areas in the future. Other settlements have been
included in as far as they are part of the landscape but the
assessment does not include an assessment of the built form from
within the settlements.
1.1.3 Landscape assessment is an important
tool in the planning process. It has been promoted by the
Countryside Commission (now the Countryside Agency) from the late
1980’s. It has backing from central government in for example
Planning Policy Guidance Note 7 1997 (PPG 7)(1), which encourages
planning authorities to undertake comprehensive landscape
assessments of their areas as part of the local plan process.
1.1.4 This assessment is also intended to be a
guide to the landscapes of Bath and North East Somerset for the
whole community including schools, developers, local interest
groups, environmental bodies, walkers, tourists etc. In these pages
is information about the way that the diverse landscapes have
formed by natural and human processes, it touches on how each
landscape is made up and what elements are most important to each
area and culturally how the landscape has been perceived.
1.1.5 This assessment was consulted on between
27 May and 5 July 2002 . The responses were analysed and comments
were taken into account in the preparation of this document. A
statement of the consultation undertaken is available on request.
The document was approved as Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG)
to the Development Plan on 17 February 2003 . A list of the key
development plan policies which this document supplements are
listed in Appendix 2. This document is a material consideration
which will be taken into account in deciding planning applications.
This assessment will be of use to the community as a whole in
guiding the activities that impact upon the landscape, whether they
are developers, environmental interest groups, landscape managers
or individual householders.
1.1.6 This assessment does not seek to label
areas as attractive or unattractive, high or low quality. However,
all areas have features that contribute to or detract from their
character or quality. Many of the features themselves may be in
need of improvement so that they might have a more positive
impact.
1.1.7 It is planned that this document will be
used as a starting point for a number of further studies and
guidelines. These may include detailed guidelines focused upon
individual character areas or other defined areas or may include
guidelines on specific issues. Complementary studies of the urban
landscapes would complete the assessment of all the outdoor spaces
within the area.
1.1.8 This assessment is a base-line survey of
the character and condition of the landscape of the area in 2002.
If reviewed on a 5 or 10 year cycle perhaps focusing on key
indicators, sample areas or areas where there may be particular
issues then a detailed picture of the change in landscape of the
area will be built up. This would be most valuable for assessing
sustainability, quality of life and biodiversity indicators for the
years to come.
1.1.9 Chapter 2 gives the context of this
assessment in relation to the national picture and other
assessments carried out within and bordering the area. Chapters 3,
4 and 5 of this document give an overview of the physical 2
influences, historical development and nature conservation habitats
across the area as a whole. Chapter 6 draws out some of the
perceptions of the area by visitors and local residents. These are
intended as an introduction to the individual character areas,
which are described in detail in chapter 7. Chapter 8 is an
analysis of change across the area drawing out some of the key
issues.
1.2 Methodology
1.2.1 The assessment was undertaken following
the Countryside Commission guidelines published in 1987 and 1993
and the draft guidelines of the Countryside Agency(2- 4). These
draft guidelines are based upon the earlier guidelines and have
been updated to include the experience of several years practice
around the country and to incorporate more fundamental proposals
for stakeholder participation. The draft guidelines have formed the
basis for new guidance published in 2002(5).
1.2.2 The assessment was undertaken in the
following stages:
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A desk top study was carried out to define
initial character areas based upon map information about geology,
soils, landform, drainage pattern, land use, vegetation, field
pattern and settlement pattern. The research also included
historical and cultural development and perceptions of the
landscape.
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Fieldwork was carried out between 1999
and 2000 to further refine the character areas based upon
observations about landform, land use, vegetation, field
boundaries, openness, enclosure, scale, visual relationships,
features and building materials. An example of the survey form is
found in Appendix 1.
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Final character areas were reviewed and
further fieldwork was carried out to check their
boundaries.
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Analysis of the landscape character and
analysis of landscape change with reference to the First Edition
Ordnance Survey Maps (surveyed 1881-1889) and aerial photos taken
between 1946 and 1999.
1.2.3 Boundaries have been drawn between
character areas as a single clear line following distinct features
such as field boundaries. In reality however the change between one
character area and another is not always so clear-cut. In most
cases the drawn line must be considered to be at the changeover
point where the characteristics of one area outweigh those of the
next. In essence the lines should be seen as a mid-point of a
transition zone rather than a hard and fast cut-off
point.
1.3 Aims and Objectives
1.3.1 The landscape is continually evolving.
Some changes are planned and some occur incidentally resulting from
other decisions. These changes whether gradual or sudden can have
significant impacts on both the quality and character of the
landscape. This assessment has as its overarching objective the
maintenance and enhancement of landscape character and local
distinctiveness. A summary of ways it is planned to be used is
listed below.
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To aid formulation of planning policies, to
inform development control decisions, to contribute to allocation
of land for development and to provide a baseline for more detailed
assessments such as local community-led assessments and those
required to support planning applications and to contribute to
environmental impact assessments.
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To guide landscape change such as informing
decisions about the location and design of new woodland. One of the
most pressing challenges is the change affecting farming.
Traditional family farms and their farming practices are under
threat and at the same time there is recognition that the
countryside offers a wider resource than just for intensive food
production. This recognition provides opportunities for giving
greater emphasis to other objectives such as habitat enhancement,
management for greater species diversity, opportunities for
improved access to the countryside, diversified use of farm
buildings and developing local produce for local
markets.
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To contribute to identifying landscape
management priorities.
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To provide a baseline for future guidelines on
specific issues such as development at the edges of
settlements.
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To provide a baseline for monitoring change
and the condition of the landscape. The measurement of indicators
is under development but includes issues such as biodiversity,
tranquillity, heritage and landscape character. While components of
the landscape such as hedges, stone walls and ponds can be
measured; indicators for protection of the wider landscape are less
easily measurable. This character assessment can be seen as
contributing to the process of defining and recording local
indicators.